Description

In this tutorial, I will be evaluating Prextron CHAIN blocks – a new system that allows you to connect your sensors and actuators to an Arduino NANO using clever 3D-printed prototyping boards that can be stacked sideways. This very modular system makes it easy to connect, disconnect and replace project components, and eliminate the “rats nest of wires” common to many advanced Arduino projects. CHAIN BLOCKS are open, which means that you can incorporate any of your sensors or actuators to these prototyping boards, and you can decide which specific pin on Arduino you plan to use. The CHAIN BLOCK connections prevent or reduce common connection mistakes, which make them ideal for class-room projects and learning activities.

I am going to set up a project to put these CHAIN BLOCKs to the test:
When I place my hand in-front of an Ultrasonic sensor, the Arduino will transmit a signal wirelessly to another Arduino, and consequently turn on a motor.

Parts Required:

You need the following Prextron Chain Blocks

• Arduino Nano x2
• 433MHz RF Transmitter and Receiver modules
• HC-SR04 Ultrasonic sensor
• RGB LED module
• Relay Module

You also need a few extra components:

• DC motor
• 9V battery
• 9V battery adapter

Arduino Libraries and IDE

This project does not use any libraries. However, you will need to upload Arduino code to the Arduino. For this you will need the Arduino IDE which can be obtained from the official Arduino website:
https://www.arduino.cc/en/main/software

ARDUINO CODE: RF Transmitter

ARDUINO CODE: RF Receiver

Fritzing diagrams for Transmitter

Fritzing diagrams for Receiver

Concluding comments

The purpose of this project was to evaluate Prextron CHAIN BLOCKs and put them to the test. Here is what I thought of CHAIN BLOCKS at the time of evaluation. Some of my points mentioned below may no longer apply to the current product. It may have evolved / improved since then. So please take that into consideration

What I liked about Chain Blocks

Thank you very much to Prextron for providing the CHAIN BLOCKS used in this tutorial, and allowing me to try out their product. If you are interested in trying them yourself, then make sure to visit them at:

             

Description

In this tutorial, I will be evaluating Prextron CHAIN blocks – a new system that allows you to connect your sensors and actuators to an Arduino NANO using clever 3D-printed prototyping boards that can be stacked sideways. This very modular system makes it easy to connect, disconnect and replace project components, and eliminate the “rats nest of wires” common to many advanced Arduino projects. CHAIN BLOCKS are open, which means that you can incorporate any of your sensors or actuators to these prototyping boards, and you can decide which specific pin on Arduino you plan to use. The CHAIN BLOCK connections prevent or reduce common connection mistakes, which make them ideal for class-room projects and learning activities.

I am going to set up a project to put these CHAIN BLOCKs to the test:
When I place my hand in-front of an Ultrasonic sensor, the Arduino will transmit a signal wirelessly to another Arduino, and consequently turn on a motor.

Parts Required:

You need the following Prextron Chain Blocks

• Arduino Nano x2
• 433MHz RF Transmitter and Receiver modules
• HC-SR04 Ultrasonic sensor
• RGB LED module
• Relay Module

You also need a few extra components:

• DC motor
• 9V battery
• 9V battery adapter

Arduino Libraries and IDE

This project does not use any libraries. However, you will need to upload Arduino code to the Arduino. For this you will need the Arduino IDE which can be obtained from the official Arduino website:
https://www.arduino.cc/en/main/software

ARDUINO CODE: RF Transmitter

ARDUINO CODE: RF Receiver

Fritzing diagrams for Transmitter

Fritzing diagrams for Receiver

Concluding comments

The purpose of this project was to evaluate Prextron CHAIN BLOCKs and put them to the test. Here is what I thought of CHAIN BLOCKS at the time of evaluation. Some of my points mentioned below may no longer apply to the current product. It may have evolved / improved since then. So please take that into consideration

What I liked about Chain Blocks

Thank you very much to Prextron for providing the CHAIN BLOCKS used in this tutorial, and allowing me to try out their product. If you are interested in trying them yourself, then make sure to visit them at:

             

Project 2: RF Remote Copy

Video

Parts Required

• 1 x Arduino UNO or compatible board
• Breadboard
• Wires
• Mercator FRM94 Remote Controller for Fan/Light (Transmitter Model: TR107A)
• RF Module (433 Mhz) - Receiver 

Remote Controller

Arduino Sketch - Remote Receiver

The following sketch will make the Arduino wait until a signal is detected from the remote (or other 433 MHz RF device). Once triggered, it will turn the LED ON, and start to collect and store the signal data into an array.
I did my best to keep the signal reading section of the sketch free from other functions or interruptions.The aim is to get the Arduino to focus on reading ONLY... and once the reading phase is complete, it will report the signal data to the Serial monitor. So you will need to have the Serial monitor open when you press the remote control button.
The remote control signal will be made up of HIGH and LOW signals - which I will try to illustrate later in the tutorial. But for now, all you need to know is that the Signal will alternate between HIGH and LOW signals, and that they can be different lengths.
This sketch aims to identify how long each LOW and HIGH signal is (to make up the complete RF remote signal). I have chosen to capture 500 data points(or 250 LOW/HIGH combinations).You may wish to increase or decrease the dataSize variable to accomodate your specific RF signal. In my case, I only really needed 300 data points, because there was a "flat" signal for the last 200 data points (characterised by 200 repetitions of a LOW signal length of 0 and HIGH signal length of 255)

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Receiver Fritzing Sketch

Results

After pressing the button on the RF remote, the data signal is printed to the Serial Monitor. You can copy the data to a spreadsheet program for review. This is an example of the signal produced after pushing the button on the remote for turning the fan/light on.

The following code was produced from pushing the button responsible for turning the light off:
The code sequence above may seem a bit random until you start graphing it. I grabbed the LOW column - and produced the following chart:
The chart above is a bit messy - mainly because the timing is slightly out... in that sometimes it can squeeze an extra read from a particular signal. But what is important to note here is that you can differentiate a LONG signal from a SHORT signal. I have drawn a couple of red dotted lines where I believe most of the readings tend to sit. I then used a formula in the spreadsheet to calibrate the readings and make them a bit more uniform. For example, if the length of the signal was greater than 4 analogReads, then I converted this to 6. If it was less than 4 analogReads, then I converted it to 2. I used a frequency table to help decide on the cutoff value of 4, and just decided to pick the two values (2 for short, and 6 for long) based on the frequency tables below. I could have chosen 5 as the LONG value, but there were more 6's overall.   **The meaning of "frequency" in the following tables relate to the "number of times" a specific signal length is recorded.
And this is the resulting chart:
You will notice that the pattern is quite repetitive. I helped to identify the sections with vertical red lines (near the bottom of the chart). In other words, the signal produced by the remote is repeated 6 times. I then did the same for the HIGH signal column and combined the two to create the following chart:
You will notice that the HIGH signals also have a repetitive pattern, however have a Very long length at the end of each section. This is almost a break to separate each section. This is what a single section looks like zoomed in:
SL = [Short LOW] signal. - or short blue bar SH = [Short HIGH] signal - or short yellow bar LL = [Long LOW] signal - or long blue bar LH = [Long HIGH] signal - or long yellow bar VLH = [Very long HIGH} signal - or very long yellow bar (~92 analogReads in length)   You will notice that there are only about 6 different combinations of the signals mentioned above. We can use this to create a coding system as described below:
We can use this coding system to describe the signals. The charts below show the difference between turning the LIGHT ON and LIGHT OFF.
PLEASE NOTE: You may notice when you copy the signals from the Serial monitor that you get a series of (0,255) combinations. This is actually a timeout sequence - which generally occurs after the signal is complete.  Here is an example of what I mean.

This is the end of tutorial 2. In the next tutorial, we will use the code acquired from the remote to turn the FAN LIGHT on and off (using the 433 MHz RF transmitter).

Click here for Tutorial 3

Project 2: RF Remote Copy

Video

Parts Required

• 1 x Arduino UNO or compatible board
• Breadboard
• Wires
• Mercator FRM94 Remote Controller for Fan/Light (Transmitter Model: TR107A)
• RF Module (433 Mhz) - Receiver or the 315 Mhz version

Remote Controller

Here is a picture of the remote controller that I am using:

Arduino Sketch - Remote Receiver

The following sketch will make the Arduino wait until a signal is detected from the remote (or other 433 MHz RF device). Once triggered, it will turn the LED ON, and start to collect and store the signal data into an array.

I did my best to keep the signal reading section of the sketch free from other functions or interruptions.The aim is to get the Arduino to focus on reading ONLY... and once the reading phase is complete, it will report the signal data to the Serial monitor. So you will need to have the Serial monitor open when you press the remote control button.

The remote control signal will be made up of HIGH and LOW signals - which I will try to illustrate later in the tutorial. But for now, all you need to know is that the Signal will alternate between HIGH and LOW signals, and that they can be different lengths.

This sketch aims to identify how long each LOW and HIGH signal is (to make up the complete RF remote signal). I have chosen to capture 500 data points(or 250 LOW/HIGH combinations).You may wish to increase or decrease the dataSize variable to accomodate your specific RF signal. In my case, I only really needed 300 data points, because there was a "flat" signal for the last 200 data points (characterised by 200 repetitions of a LOW signal length of 0 and HIGH signal length of 255)

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/*    RF Remote Capture sketch       Written by ScottC 24 Jun 2014      Arduino IDE version 1.0.5      Website: http://arduinobasics.blogspot.com      Receiver: XY-MK-5V      Description: Use Arduino to Receive RF Remote signal            ------------------------------------------------------------- */  const int dataSize = 500; //Arduino memory is limited (max=1700)  byte storedData[dataSize]; //Create an array to store the data  #define ledPin 13           //Onboard LED = digital pin 13  #define rfReceivePin A0     //RF Receiver data pin = Analog pin 0  const unsigned int upperThreshold = 100; //upper threshold value  const unsigned int lowerThreshold = 80; //lower threshold value  int maxSignalLength = 255; //Set the maximum length of the signal  int dataCounter = 0; //Variable to measure the length of the signal  unsigned long startTime=0; //Variable to record the start time  unsigned long endTime=0; //Variable to record the end time  unsigned long signalDuration=0; //Variable to record signal reading time    void setup(){   Serial.begin(9600);   pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);      /* The following code will only run ONCE --------------   ---Press the reset button on the Arduino to run again-- */      while(analogRead(rfReceivePin)<1){       //Wait here until a LOW signal is received       startTime=micros(); //Update start time with every cycle.   }   digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); //Turn LED ON         //Read and store the rest of the signal into the storedData array   for(int i=0; i<dataSize; i=i+2){          //Identify the length of the LOW signal---------------LOW     dataCounter=0; //reset the counter     while(analogRead(rfReceivePin)>upperThreshold && dataCounter<maxSignalLength){       dataCounter++;     }     storedData[i]=dataCounter;          //Identify the length of the HIGH signal---------------HIGH     dataCounter=0;//reset the counter     while(analogRead(rfReceivePin)<lowerThreshold && dataCounter<maxSignalLength){       dataCounter++;     }     storedData[i+1]=dataCounter;          //Any readings between the two threshold values will be ignored.     //The LOW or HIGH signal length must be less than the variable "maxSignalLength"     //otherwise it will be truncated. All of the HIGH signals and LOW signals combined     //must not exceed the variable "dataSize", otherwise it will be truncated.     //The maximum number of signals is 1700 - if you try to extend this variable to a higher     //number than 1700 - then the Arduino will freeze up and sketch will not work.     //-------------------------------------------------------------   }      endTime=micros(); //Record the end time of the read period.   signalDuration = endTime-startTime;      digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);//Turn LED OFF      //Send report to the Serial Monitor   Serial.println("=====================");   Serial.print("Read duration: ");   Serial.print(signalDuration);   Serial.println(" microseconds");   Serial.println("=====================");   Serial.println("LOW,HIGH");   delay(20);   for(int i=0; i<dataSize; i=i+2){     Serial.print(storedData[i]);     Serial.print(",");     Serial.println(storedData[i+1]);     delay(20);   }  }  void loop(){    //Do nothing here  }

Receiver Fritzing Sketch

Results

After pressing the button on the RF remote, the data signal is printed to the Serial Monitor. You can copy the data to a spreadsheet program for review. This is an example of the signal produced after pushing the button on the remote for turning the fan/light on.

The following code was produced from pushing the button responsible for turning the light off:
The code sequence above may seem a bit random until you start graphing it. I grabbed the LOW column - and produced the following chart:
The chart above is a bit messy - mainly because the timing is slightly out... in that sometimes it can squeeze an extra read from a particular signal. But what is important to note here is that you can differentiate a LONG signal from a SHORT signal. I have drawn a couple of red dotted lines where I believe most of the readings tend to sit. I then used a formula in the spreadsheet to calibrate the readings and make them a bit more uniform. For example, if the length of the signal was greater than 4 analogReads, then I converted this to 6. If it was less than 4 analogReads, then I converted it to 2. I used a frequency table to help decide on the cutoff value of 4, and just decided to pick the two values (2 for short, and 6 for long) based on the frequency tables below. I could have chosen 5 as the LONG value, but there were more 6's overall.     **The meaning of "frequency" in the following tables relate to the "number of times" a specific signal length is recorded.
And this is the resulting chart:
You will notice that the pattern is quite repetitive. I helped to identify the sections with vertical red lines (near the bottom of the chart). In other words, the signal produced by the remote is repeated 6 times. I then did the same for the HIGH signal column and combined the two to create the following chart:
You will notice that the HIGH signals also have a repetitive pattern, however have a Very long length at the end of each section. This is almost a break to separate each section. This is what a single section looks like zoomed in:
SL = [Short LOW] signal. - or short blue bar SH = [Short HIGH] signal - or short yellow bar LL = [Long LOW] signal - or long blue bar LH = [Long HIGH] signal - or long yellow bar VLH = [Very long HIGH} signal - or very long yellow bar (~92 analogReads in length)     You will notice that there are only about 6 different combinations of the signals mentioned above. We can use this to create a coding system as described below:
We can use this coding system to describe the signals. The charts below show the difference between turning the LIGHT ON and LIGHT OFF.
PLEASE NOTE: You may notice when you copy the signals from the Serial monitor that you get a series of (0,255) combinations. This is actually a timeout sequence - which generally occurs after the signal is complete.    Here is an example of what I mean.

This is the end of tutorial 2. In the next tutorial, we will use the code acquired from the remote to turn the FAN LIGHT on and off (using the 433 MHz RF transmitter).

Click here for Tutorial 3